This may be in your leg, arm, or wrist. You may feel some stinging at the site for a few seconds after the local anesthetic is injected. Once the local anesthesia has taken effect, a sheath, or introducer, will be put into the blood vessel often at the groin. This is a plastic tube through which the catheter will be threaded into the blood vessel and advanced into the heart.
The catheter will be threaded through the sheath into the blood vessel. The doctor will advance the catheter through the aorta into the heart. Fluoroscopy will be used to help see the catheter advance into the heart. The catheter will be threaded into the coronary arteries. Once the catheter is in place, contrast dye will be injected through the catheter into your coronary arteries in order to see the narrowed area s. You may feel some effects when the contrast dye is injected into the IV line.
These effects include a flushing sensation, a salty or metallic taste in the mouth, or a brief headache. These effects usually last only a few moments.
Tell your doctor if you feel any breathing trouble, sweating, numbness, itching, nausea or vomiting, chills, or heart palpitations. After the contrast dye is injected, a series of rapid X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries will be taken.
You may be asked to take in a deep breath and hold it for a few seconds during this time. When the doctor locates the narrowed artery, the catheter will be advanced to that location and the balloon will be inflated to open the artery.
You may have some chest pain or discomfort at this point because the blood flow is temporarily blocked by the inflated balloon. Any chest discomfort or pain should go away when the balloon is deflated. However, if you notice any continued discomfort or pain, such as chest pain, neck or jaw pain, back pain, arm pain, shortness of breath, or breathing trouble, tell your doctor right away. The doctor may inflate and deflate the balloon several times. The decision may be made at this point to put in a stent to keep the artery open.
In some cases, the stent may be put into the artery before the balloon is inflated. Then the inflation of the balloon will open the artery and fully expand the stent. The doctor will take measurements, pictures, or angiograms after the artery has been opened. Once it has been determined that the artery is opened sufficiently, the catheter will be removed.
The sheath or introducer is taken out and the insertion site may be closed with a closure device that uses collagen to seal the opening in the artery, by the use of sutures, or by applying manual pressure over the area to keep the blood vessel from bleeding.
Your doctor will decide which method is best for you. If a closure device is used, a sterile dressing will be applied to the site. If manual pressure is used, the doctor or an assistant will hold pressure on the insertion site so that a clot will form on the outside of the blood vessel to prevent bleeding.
Once the bleeding has stopped, a very tight bandage will be placed on the site. Staff will help you slide from the table onto a stretcher so that you can be taken to the recovery area. NOTE: If the insertion was in the groin, you will not be allowed to bend your leg for several hours.
If the insertion site was in the arm, your arm will be kept elevated on pillows and kept straight by placing your arm in an arm guard a plastic arm board designed to immobilize the elbow joint. In addition, a plastic band that works like a belt around the waist may be secured around your arm near the insertion site.
The band will be loosened at given intervals and then removed when your doctor decides the pressure is no longer needed. After the procedure, you may be taken to the recovery room for observation or returned to your hospital room. You will stay flat in bed for several hours after the procedure. A nurse will monitor your vital signs, the insertion site, and circulation and sensation in the affected leg or arm.
Tell your nurse right away if you feel any chest pain or tightness, or any other pain, as well as any feelings of warmth, bleeding, or pain at the insertion site. Bed rest may vary from 2 to 6 hours depending on your specific condition. When the balloon is inflated, it flattens the cholesterol-filled plaque that has been restricting blood flow through the artery.
When the balloon is deflated and removed, the stent remains behind to prop open the artery. This is called balloon angioplasty with stenting. Coronary artery bypass graft CABG. During open-heart surgery, an artery or vein taken from elsewhere in the body is stitched in place to reroute blood around the blocked artery. Which is best? It's not a toss-up.
But the right choice depends on a number of factors, says Harvard revascularization expert Dr. Donald E. Cutlip says. And this question has an answer—bypass surgery—as long as the individual's surgery risk isn't too high.
The heart's three coronary arteries are not all equal. The most important artery is called the left anterior descending artery LAD. It feeds blood to the whole front wall of the heart, which represents much more muscle than the area fed by either of the other two coronary arteries. A narrowing or blockage in the LAD is more serious than narrowing or blockage in the other arteries.
Fabric stents, called stent grafts, are used for larger arteries. Stents used in the airways of lungs are often silicone. Additionally, stents can be coated with medication. These stents are called drug-eluting stents, and the medication helps keep arteries open.
Stents without medication are called bare-metal stents. Stents are occasionally used to treat plaque buildup in arteries of the kidneys or limbs, but most cardiac stents are inserted into coronary arteries after a heart attack, during a coronary angioplasty, or to treat carotid artery disease CAD.
Cardiac stents are most commonly used after heart attacks, when patients need immediate intervention to keep their arteries open and improve blood flow. A coronary angioplasty, also known as a percutaneous coronary intervention, is a nonsurgical and minimally invasive procedure used to open clogged arteries and treat heart disease.
The procedure involves temporarily inserting a balloon where an artery is clogged to help expand the artery, and it is often combined with the permanent placement of a cardiac stent.
CAD causes a buildup of cholesterol plaque arteriosclerosis in arteries that run up the neck and lead to the heart, leaving patients at a high risk for stroke.
Stents are used as a treatment for CAD. The goal of inserting a cardiac stent is to expand a narrow artery, and the procedure can usually occur under local anesthesia. Our specialists use all forms of healthcare ranging from conventional medication to alternative therapies, to treat a patient.
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