Lieven, Anatol. Mehdi, Tahir. Mendez, Zeus Hans. Mir, Nazir Ahmad. Muzaffar, Muhammad et al. Nabeel, Fahad. Pantucci, Raffaello. Reddy, B. Samad, Yunas. Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif. Talpur, Mir Mohammad Ali. Wani, Shakoor Ahmad. JSTOR , www. Accessed 25 Nov. Weaver, Mary Anne. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Pk , Finance Department-Government of Balochistan, , balochistan. Summary Report. Washington, DC. Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.
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It is published as part of our mission to showcase peer-leading papers written by students during their studies. Finally, as also stated by Breseeg , , it is pertinent to list the demands made by them: Reform in the Khanate. Unification of the traditional Baloch lands which were divided between different administrative units and countries.
Establishment of a sovereign, independent and united Balochistan. Accession to Pakistan and Aftermath Like many other issues that are endemic to South Asia, the predicament of Baloch nationalism and insurgency deepened with the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in Fundamental Causes of the Insurgency Political Marginalization One of the main causes of the insurgency has been the fact that the Baloch, and many other ethnic identities, have been colonized by the dominant Punjabis who control not only the federal central government but also the entire state apparatus and its institutions.
Economic Deprivation and Underdevelopment The sense of political marginalization, inefficient governance and colonisation by the state is further exacerbated by the fact that Balochistan is the poorest province of Pakistan and continues to be exploited for its rich natural resources. Socio-Economic Issues From the ninety-one districts of the country, most of the districts from Balochistan are among the worst performers — with the gas-rich Dera Bugti at the bottom — according to the Human Development Index.
Pakistan, according to Ali , thus needs to: Invest in providing care to its citizens, particularly in the health and education sectors. State-Military Repression The resilience of Baloch insurgency can be attributed to the fact that — to this day — there has been no concrete political settlement.
Devasher , argues that: The cantonments have become a sort of parallel government by themselves where the writ of the provincial government or sometimes even the federal government does not run. The Weakening of the Insurgency As the unabated cycle of violence continued by both sides, several developments occurred that led to a period of stagnation in the insurgency.
Conclusion For nearly 72 years, the Baloch have continued to wage an insurgency against the Pakistani state. This again leads to the problem of excesses committed by the military-intelligence complex against its own people as well as the poor condition of minorities in the country Finally, through different periods of insurgency, the Baloch prove their resilience and ability to generate a momentum for a grassroots cause that is unlikely to subside even if it cannot win.
References Ali, Dr Sadia. Devasher, Tilak. Pakistan: the Balochistan Conundrum. Harper India, Pakistan: The Forgotten Conflict in Balochistan. International Crisis Group, Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan. Please Consider Donating Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.
Hide Footnote The three ruling party-controlled provinces, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, also imposed lockdowns. Tense relations between the government and its rivals also hindered coordination between the capital and opposition-held Sindh and among provinces themselves. The Sindh government held the federal leadership responsible for hampering its response. Hide Footnote Inter-provincial coordination was also poor, echoing friction between Khan and his opponents.
Much decision-making related to the pandemic has taken place in the federal capital. The National Command and Operation Centre, which sends the committee recommendations on pandemic policy, is headed by the federal minister for planning and development and includes relevant federal and provincial ministers and also several senior military officers.
The stated objective of setting up these two bodies was to bring the federal and provincial governments and military leadership together. Hide Footnote In principle, responsibility for the health sector lies with the provinces, not the capital.
Hide Footnote In practice, however, the top political and military leadership in the centre controls pandemic policy, often overriding provincial concerns, not just in opposition-led Sindh but also in the three ruling party-led federal units. On 14 April, Prime Minister Khan extended the nationwide lockdown until 30 April but also relaxed restrictions. Several non-essential industries, including construction, reopened.
Hide Footnote Yet the Sindh government, disagreeing, opted to retain stricter measures for another two weeks. In a suo moto on its own volition hearing on the virus crisis in mid-April, the Supreme Court chief justice called for a uniform policy, warning Sindh not to close businesses and services that generate revenue for the federation.
Early in the crisis, in a televised address on 17 March, Prime Minister Khan had downplayed health risks. When the nationwide lockdown was first imposed, provincial governments barred mosques from holding communal prayers. Mosques remained open but only five mosque administrators could participate in prayers. The police were tasked with enforcing the restrictions, which were largely respected in major cities.
When clerics violated the curbs in Karachi, for example, police temporarily detained most offenders; charges were lodged against others for inciting violence against police officers. Clerical leader Abdul Aziz released footage of large congregations attending Friday prayers. Hide Footnote The Khan government might have hesitated in taking action against the Lal Masjid clerics, fearing a repeat of the bloody July standoff, when a military operation against heavily armed jihadists in the mosque left militants and eleven soldiers dead.
Hide Footnote Yet in refraining from taking action, it risked creating a major virus cluster in both the federal capital and its twin city, Rawalpindi. On 18 April, without consulting provincial governments, President Arif Alvi agreed with major religious leaders to reopen mosques nationwide for communal, including taraweeh special Ramadan , prayers — but under conditions.
Hide Footnote The agreement specified safety and health precautions, including social distancing, and tasked mosque administrations with enforcing them. During Ramadan, when mosque attendance is at its highest, clerics made little effort to enforce the protocols. Hide Footnote Thousands prayed in packed mosques, ignoring health measures and creating new hot-spots of viral infection. Yet another insisted that the only way to get rid of the virus would be to seek forgiveness from God through prayers in mosques.
Hide Footnote As a result, many who regularly attend mosques either believe they will not contract the virus or that prayer will protect them. Hide Footnote Many also chose not to get tested or treated due to religious and social stigma attached to the disease. On 9 May, after extending relatively weak pandemic-related restrictions for two weeks, the federal government ended the lockdown. Hide Footnote The Punjab and Balochistan governments, held by the ruling party, also warned against lifting restrictions.
Hide Footnote The judiciary again weighed in. Though the federal government said it would lift the lockdown in phases, by mid-June the country was almost fully open for business.
Schools remained closed but all markets and shopping centres were operating and restrictions on most non-essential businesses had been removed.
Borders with Iran and Afghanistan were reopened, domestic and international flights resumed, and several train services started up again, as did local public transport. Punjab reopened shrines that traditionally attract large numbers. Small business owners, daily wage earners and labourers are suffering. Since the Khan government assumed office, large-scale manufacturing has declined, exports have fallen, the budget deficit has widened and unemployment has increased.
Dr Hafiz Pasha, the former finance minister, is now chair of the Panel of Economists, an independent body advising the government. Hide Footnote Now, exports to traditional markets — Europe, the U. Hide Footnote Remittances, a vital source of foreign exchange, are likely to shrink as thousands of workers in the Gulf come home. The government estimates that the gross domestic product will contract by 0.
The World Bank has forecast even sharper drops of 2. Indeed, it has become ever clearer that economic growth depends on curbing the virus. Hide Footnote Four months on, signs of economic recovery are still few. The federal government has provided emergency assistance to families in need, including food subsidies and support, but for many this aid is barely enough. The Ehsaas emergency cash program the renamed Benazir Income Support Program provides financial assistance to an estimated twelve million families that fall under the poverty line.
Hide Footnote Islamabad began the scheme on 9 April and extended it the following month to provide a similar amount to four million unemployed workers. Such support could well be critical for months.
According to Prime Minister Khan, the cash disbursement program can only be a temporary solution, which is why the lockdown was lifted. Hide Footnote Yet with the pandemic continuing to hinder any economic recovery, the need for state assistance appears likely to increase further. Siddiqui seems to be a puppet of Pakistani army. The way army dealing with the Baloch, it will lead Pakistan towards dismemberment.
Pakistani army is the single most security threat to this country. In the presence of the army, Pakistan does not need any enemy. The jolter-headed generals want to solve every issue by force. They have plundered the country, making billions of dollars. Being a Punjabi I feel it is justified for the Baloch to fight for their freedom. I am ashamed of being Punjabi because it is the Punjabi soldiers who are carrying out the genocide of Baloch people.
The narrative of this article is not new, the same old narrative that Pakistani establishment keeps repeating. Bangladesh is a live example. Pakistani military mafia first takes up killings, suppression and then say India is creating trouble. You do not recognize the genuine victory of Sheikh Mujib and try to hijack democratic elections in Bangladesh, then your military goes on a killing spree and India is involved???
You are a nation of lies till date you tell your people you won a war and that India is an aggressor? The bundle of lies will be exposed again.. Balochistan will be next bangladesh and the chinese monkeys you have brought will be thrown off. Pages: 1 2 View All. About the Author. Siddiqi Shahid R. Mazari on March 30, at am. Moign Khawaja on March 30, at pm. Baloch on March 30, at am. Humanist on March 30, at pm. PakDemocrat on March 30, at pm. Jeremy R. Hammond on March 30, at pm.
Glad to see Mr. Baloch2 on March 30, at pm. Dear All, Mr. Wahe Watan on March 30, at pm. Fahd Shafiq on March 31, at am. To all my pro-seperation Ballouchi brothers, There is never smoke without a fire. Moign Khawaja on March 31, at am. Fahd Shafiq on March 31, at pm. Dear Mr. Moign Khawaja on April 1, at pm. Fahd Shafiq on April 3, at am.
Moign Khawaja on April 3, at pm. Fahd Shafiq on April 1, at am. Moign, Just a few clicks up you have glorified Pakistani media on their boldness and of speaking the truth. Sobdaar Baloch on March 31, at pm. KHAN on January 21, at am. Ranjit Rai on April 3, at am. Dear Friends, Can any one tell me how Baluchistan came to be included in the India Pakistan joint statment at Sharam El Shiekh and the author Shafiq has said India interfered in the region.
Is there any proof or just India bashing. Ranjit Rai Loading Dear Mr, Rai, There is no India bashing here. PakDemocrat on April 6, at am. Humanist on April 6, at pm. Young on April 7, at am. Irshad on August 26, at am. Jay J on September 20, at am. Al baloushi on October 3, at am. Go and study and look the history then come and write an article which is completely out of the path, Loading Kaisar M on November 25, at pm.
Are we granting them independence as well Loading I mean more them 30 million Baloch or maybe more. Usman Baloch on February 2, at am. Usman Baloch on February 3, at pm. Vidyut on February 6, at am. Baluchistan is going to have to behave now how their masters tell them [end summary] Thank god this article tells us. Thank you dear writer! Baloch on October 27, at pm. Thats a nice comment. Deprivation and injustice always leads to rebellion. Balanced analysis. Insurgents -or- Freedom Fighters?
Emad, Insurgents -or- Freedom Fighters? If on UN resolution then freedom fighters if not then insurgents. Jul 08, am. Emad, Population of Daulatdia will double in ! Uyghur Ahmadi. If they are your citizens, how are they insurgents? Jul 08, pm. Fastrack, This is what people like you said about East Pakistan. Fastrack, Only Patriotic Pakistanis are those who robbing Pakistan since its inception.
Salaria, Aamir Ahmad. United we stand, divided we fall. Dr Asif, Just like they are negotiating with the Ughyrs? Latest Stories. Most Popular Must Read. Abdul Basit. Huma Khawar. A nationwide vaccination drive aims to reach 90m children.
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